tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46475627917468687662024-03-05T03:08:19.234-08:00Classics at FurmanThis blog will be home to news of research and events from the Department of Classics at Furman University. The Department of Classics teaches courses in the ancient Greek and Latin languages, and on subjects related to Greek and Roman history, archeology, literature, and culture. We emphasize an integration of teaching and research, where faculty and students collaborate to make significant new contributions to our knowledge of the ancient world.Christopher W. Blackwellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166294569909760943noreply@blogger.comBlogger15125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4647562791746868766.post-12351153931739108082014-09-30T21:57:00.003-07:002014-09-30T22:01:12.963-07:00Eupatrid (Tuesday): Tools and Texts<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
The Project</h3>
<div>
I am teaching Greek Civilization this semester. The course is focusing on Athenian Democracy. I don’t think I understand Athenian Democracy very well, despite having spent a lot of time trying to understand the various institutions, offices, laws, assumptions, and rituals by which the free, male Athenian citizens undertook to govern themselves and the other inhabitants of Attica in the 5th and 4th Centuries BCE.</div>
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<div>
In an effort to take advantage of the 37 Furman students, with many different areas of expertise, who have signed up to look at Athenian Democracy with me, I want to look at the Athenian aristocracy, the “Eupatrids” (“the Well-Born”), who tended to hold high office, and who have (our ancient sources tell us) many connections to city-states outside of Athens. I want to start compiling a collection of data that captures these relationships. It seemed reasonable to call this project <i>Eupatrid</i>. </div>
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There will be a link to a “Eupatrid” site as soon as it is ready.</div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Tools</h3>
Working on long-term projects like the <a href="http://www.homermultitext.org/" target="_blank">Homer Multitext </a>or the <a href="http://folio.furman.edu/projects/mss/" target="_blank">Furman University Manuscripts Club</a>, we have had great success using <a href="http://git-scm.com/" target="_blank">Git</a> and <a href="http://github.com/" target="_blank">GitHub</a> to manage collaborative editing of texts, creation of data collections, and the other scholarly work necessary to document and analyze ancient texts.<br />
<br />
For <i>Eupatrid</i>, however, we need to allow 37 people to build a collection of analytical data very quickly. For this, we need a relational database that conforms to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACID" target="_blank">Atomicity</a>. So after a few years away from it, I am back to working in <a href="https://grails.org/" target="_blank">Grails</a>, a framework for quickly creating web-based applications that interact with relational databases. Here's what I have so far:<br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>A PostgreSQL database backend.</li>
<li>A Grails application that allows users to log in as Editors and create records for…</li>
<ul>
<li>Historical Persons</li>
<li>Relationships among Historical Persons</li>
<li>Relationships between Persons and Places</li>
<li>Citations to texts that document the above.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<br />
For historical places, we are infinitely grateful to <a href="http://pleiades.stoa.org/" target="_blank">Pleiades</a>, which is a gazetteer of ancient geography. For this project, we have the always awesome <a href="https://github.com/ryanfb" target="_blank">Ryan Baumann</a> to thank for making available tools that allow us to grab the complete Pleiades dataset and translate it into GeoJSON.<br />
<br />
So… I think we are in good shape to capture relationships among…<br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Texts</li>
<li>Historical Persons</li>
<li>Places</li>
</ul>
<br />
My experience with projects like this has taught me that it is a terrible mistake to assume that you can capture data now, and wait until late in the semester to come up with a way of displaying it. The end of term is crazy; there is no time; and once the term is over, you move on to other things. So I think it is important to implement visualization of the data as we go along.<br />
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My plan for Wednesday is to get to the point where I can call Pleiades data from the <a href="http://folio.furman.edu/projects/cite/four_urls.html" target="_blank">CITE architecture</a> and show it on a map. Later in the week, I'll work on showng graphs of family relations. Over the weekend, perhaps I can show graphs of relations layered atop geography, but that might be crazy-talk.<br />
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Before anything else, we don't want to make anything up. So step one is to get our Texts in order.<br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Texts</h3>
<div>
For every Person, we need at least one citation to an ancient text attesting that person. Likewise, for each relationship of peson <--> person, or person <--> place, we need citations to ancient texts that provide evidence. So we need our evidence to be citable.</div>
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<div>
From earlier work, we have a good Greek text of <a href="http://folio.furman.edu/citeservlet/texts?request=GetValidReff&level=1&urn=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg003.fuKenyon" target="_blank">Kenyon’s edition of Aristotle’s <i>Constitution of the Athenians </i>in a CTS service</a>. This lets us add citations to that text, and resolve them simply, like this:</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<a href="http://folio.furman.edu/cite-cts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg003.fuKenyon:3.1">http://folio.furman.edu/cite-cts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg003.fuKenyon:3.1</a></blockquote>
<div>
Thanks to the <a href="http://perseus.tufts.edu/" target="_blank">Perseus Project</a>, I have been able to start processing texts for the English translation of that work, as well as Plutarch’s <i>Life of Solon</i> in English and Greek. That should be a start. I hope that my next update will be able to provide links to those texts, online and citable with CTS URNs.</div>
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Christopher W. Blackwellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166294569909760943noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4647562791746868766.post-37415838355430441292014-09-27T14:18:00.004-07:002014-09-27T14:18:58.208-07:00Eupatrid<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
There is a continuum between “trying to do stuff” on the one hand, and “writing about it” on the other; we’ve not struck a good balance over the past few years. So here I go, trying to revitalize this blog.<br />
<br />
Over the next week, I am going to try to build an infrastructure for a project I’m calling <i>Eupatrid</i>. This will be a collection of identified historical figures and geographic places relevant to Classical Athenian Democracy, with citations to Greek texts. It will be based on the <a href="http://folio.furman.edu/projects/cite/four_urls.html" target="_blank">CITE Architecture</a> developed for the <a href="http://www.homermultitext.org/" target="_blank">Homer Multitext</a>. It will also depend heavily on the excellent work of the <a href="http://pleiades.stoa.org/" target="_blank">Pleiades project</a>.<br />
<br />
The purpose of this is to explore the relationships among the leading figures in the historical development of classical Athenian democracy, and how those relationships enmeshed the rest of the Greek world. Ideally, this infrastructure will allow my CLS-220 class (“Greek Civilization”) to build a nifty body of data as they read Aristotle, Plutarch, Herodotus, and Thucydides.<br />
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Along the way, I want to get good at capturing, analyzing, and displaying graphs of data from CITE services, with an eye toward integrating CITE with the work on Greek syntax going on at the University of Leipzig.<br />
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So, away we go…</div>
Christopher W. Blackwellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166294569909760943noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4647562791746868766.post-60516535508874968622013-06-08T06:31:00.000-07:002013-06-08T06:31:13.087-07:00The Shield of Achilles in Prezi<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
In Book 18 of the Homeric <i>Iliad</i>, the goddess Thetis asks the artisan-god Hephaestus to create new armor for her son, Achilles. Patroclus, Achilles’ friend, had fallen in battle at the hands of the Trojan Prince Hector, who stripped the fallen hero’s armor as a prize.<br />
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As Hephaestus makes the armor, the poem describes in great detail the marvelous shield that Achilles will carry into decisive battle when he goes to face Hector. The shield depicts scenes representing the world of the cosmos, of nature, and of human civilization, in peace and war. It provides context for the upcoming the battle of heroes, and Achilles’ personal battle with grief, rage, and a shattered understanding of right and wrong.<br />
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This passage of the <i>Iliad</i> is at 18.474-18.608 [<a href="http://folio.furman.edu/cts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.fuPers:18.474-18.608" target="_blank">Greek</a> and <a href="http://folio.furman.edu/cts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.persEng:18.474-18.608" target="_blank">English</a>].<br />
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Sam Hill (Furman Class of 2016), a student in the First Year Seminar “Homer & History” created a visualization of this important and complex passage. He integrated canonical citations to the text of the poem, line-by-line, with an artistic rendition of the shield created by artist Kathleen Vail using the online presentation tool <a href="http://www.prezi.com/" target="_blank">Prezi</a>.<br />
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His work is here: <a href="http://prezi.com/30xryr7uyii3/achilles-shield/">http://prezi.com/30xryr7uyii3/achilles-shield/</a><br />
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Kathleen Vail has shown extremely generous appreciation for Mr. Hill’s re-use of her art. This is a model of how art, literature, scholarship, and technology can add to understanding.</div>
Christopher W. Blackwellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166294569909760943noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4647562791746868766.post-21268631051408165732013-03-05T10:08:00.003-08:002013-03-05T10:10:24.930-08:00Guest Post - Lichfield Biblical Manuscripts[ <i>This is a guest post from Bonnie Lewis, a researcher at the University of Kentucky’s Center for Visualization and Virtual Environments. Bonnie has been working with the digital imagery of the biblical manuscripts from Lichfield Cathedral, captured in 2010 by a team led by Brent Seales, who was the director of the U.K. Viz Center. I was fortunate enough to get to be present and help with this digitization (the Center for Hellenic Studies donated some equipment from our work on the <a href="http://www.homermultitext.org/">Homer Multitext</a>). In this post, Bonnie describes the important work being done in Kentucky toward bringing these manuscripts to a scholarly community in useful ways. At Furman, we have been developing editing workflows that we hope will allow us to contribute to Bonnie’s work of capturing the full semantic complexity of the St. Chad Gospels, Lichfield’s Wycliffe New Testament, and other biblical manuscripts. The promise of a fully-integrated publication of these manuscripts is most clear from Bonnie’s description of her treatment of this challenge, a treatment that is both innovative and rigorous. — C. Blackwell</i> ]<br />
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The Vis U program at the University
of Kentucky has been working on several projects this summer. The one I am
involved with is called InfoForest. This project is a system that works through
Apps that can display data about ancient manuscripts (images, XML, and media)
in a way that enhances the meaning of the documents and makes them available to
a wider audience. What is unique about this system is that it has been designed
to function on several platforms and to grow as our “Forest” of knowledge
grows. It was built with the intention that it will be easily replicable.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
Our project really began in 2010
when a research group from the Vis Center traveled to Lichfield Cathedral in
England to image the Gospel book. They took Multispectral, 3D, and RGB images
of each page. This was a part of a larger project called FoLIO. These images
are where we primarily pulled the data for the Chad Gospels to put into the
App. <o:p></o:p></div>
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My role in the project, as a
History Major and Classics minor, was to assemble the data in a way that was
organized and enhanced its meaning. I also saw my unofficial role in the
project as trying to figure out what will be meaningful to a wide audience of
users. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
What that
came down to in the project was that I wrote XML that corresponded to the
images of the manuscript. People at Furman University had already done this for
Matthew, so I finished out the rest of the manuscript, trying my best to mimic
the XML structure they used for the first book. In the XML, I marked the line
breaks, page breaks, verses and variations in words in the manuscript. My
intent in this process was to create data about the manuscript that was
informative organizationally (the Chad Gospels do not mark verses in the text)
and easily searchable as many words are misspelled in the Latin and need to be
able to be searched in their correct form as well as their incorrect. This
process took the better part of 5 months. <o:p></o:p></div>
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I also organized the images of the
Chad Gospels in a way that would make it easy for the server to respond to
requests from the devices for a certain page of the manuscript. This meant that
I, with the help of John Broadbent (another student working on the server side
of the project), had to correctly size and name around 20,000 images. This was
done through the use of scripts created by John that could rename and modify
folders en mass. These scripts can be used on other data sets to resize and
rename other images. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The result of this process was that
we came up with a method to organize these sets of data in a way that was
standardized and replicable for other data sets. There are still aspects of the project that
will not be able to be as easily automatable as other parts were. For example,
the transcription and mark up of the documents needs to be done, for the most
part, by hand and is a time intensive process. However, in the XML, we were
able to follow TEI standards in the mark up and were also able to establish a
framework for writing the XML that can be replicated for other data sets.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Throughout the project, our goal
was to put all of this information up on a server at the Vis Center. However,
about two weeks before our deadline, the University shut down our server.
Thankfully, with the help of Dr. Blackwell, we were allowed to put our
information on the Furman Server. This whole project has been a collaboration
of many minds and resources, but I love how the final weeks highlighted how
dependent the project was on collaboration. The devices we are using to show the
apps in Kentucky are pulling information from a server in Houston that was
modified by Dr. Blackwell in South Carolina. There is still much work to be
done, as we were only able to build a proto type this summer, but it is
exciting to see it come together. One of the other students working on the
project described what we are doing as giving old manuscripts, new life. I
think that summarizes what we did and are doing perfectly. It is exciting to
see new life breathed into these manuscripts and watch the information the hold
begin to come alive to new audiences. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Bonnie
Lewis<o:p></o:p></div>
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University
of Kentucky<o:p></o:p></div>
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Summer
2012<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--EndFragment-->Christopher W. Blackwellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166294569909760943noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4647562791746868766.post-35320075541846323762012-07-16T07:04:00.000-07:002012-07-16T07:04:43.663-07:00<h1 id="thebritishlibrarypapyrusoftheconstitutionoftheathenians">
The British Library Papyrus of the Constitution of the Athenians</h1>
Sean Bonawitz, Neel Smith, and Christopher Blackwell are working during the summer of 2012 on the first steps of a comprehensive publication of only surviving witness to the Aristotelian <em>Constitution of the Athenians</em>. The papyrus is B.M. Pap. 131, that is, British Museum Papyrus number 131. Christopher Blackwell and Amy Hackney Blackwell, working with Chris Lee of the British Library, photographed this papyrus in November of 2011. The work was funded by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. EAGER–1041949. The images of the papyrus are undergoing automated analysis using new algorithms developed by Dr. Constantin Papaodysseus of the National Technical Institute of Athens. This summer’s work is being supported by the <a href="http://www2.furman.edu/sites/ur/Pages/FurmanAdvantage.aspx">Furman Advantage Program</a>.<br />
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The papyrus exists in five fragments. The five fragments show four different manuscript hands. The hands differ in appearance and in their use of abbreviations. According to <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Qpru7GSUP9EC&lpg=PR1&pg=PR1#v=onepage&q&f=false">John Edward Sandy’s 1893 commentary, pp. xxxvi–xxxix,</a>, the first hand “extends over Columns 1–12” the second columns 13 to 20, the third hand runs from 20 to 24 and columns 31–37, while the fourth scribe includes columns from 25 to 30. Hands one and four are most similar to each other, but certainly not identical; Sandy’s came to this conclusion by counting the occurrence of abbreviations. While the first and fourth scribes used a significant amount of short-hand (“tachygraphy”) and abbreviations, the second hand hardly uses any, and in the columns written by the third hand they are scarce. Perhaps the most important thing about the change of hands are the editorial notes that occur throughout the piece. Who was this editor, and why did he make these notes?<br />
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<a href="http://folio.furman.edu/projects/AthPol/AthPolImages.html">Images of the papyrus are here</a>.Christopher W. Blackwellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166294569909760943noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4647562791746868766.post-23627419565741949262011-11-15T04:09:00.000-08:002011-11-15T04:09:45.150-08:00Athenian Democracy<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDwkQDzocbvzJj4iPUavitD0yJkPXiJw6I0YVgySZ5ulK4347V1MaGiOKOWWQyaDpjftGn7_SwkBx-0c8GzlB_Y6n-WoSuwSuEfgWxBm2MQ3IF_GaiKk2MAbLhoElcKQ8X1zm4uFw4GYNF/s1600/14+nov+-08.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDwkQDzocbvzJj4iPUavitD0yJkPXiJw6I0YVgySZ5ulK4347V1MaGiOKOWWQyaDpjftGn7_SwkBx-0c8GzlB_Y6n-WoSuwSuEfgWxBm2MQ3IF_GaiKk2MAbLhoElcKQ8X1zm4uFw4GYNF/s1600/14+nov+-08.jpg" /></a> </div>Students taking Greek 230 in the Spring Semester of 2012 will be reading the essay on the history and workings of Athenian Democracy as described in a text by Aristotle, or a student of Aristotle, the Ἀθηναίων Πολιτεία<i>, The Constitution of the Athenians</i>. In addition to studying the language of this 4th Century BCE text, and the political history it describes, they will be working with a true primary source, reading directly from the papyrus fragments that are the only surviving witnesses to this fundamentally important text.<br />
The papyrus is P. Lond. 131, now at the British Library and formerly in the collection of the British Museum; it was purchased for the Museum in 1888, and F.G. Kenyon identified it as the <i>Ath.Pol.</i> in 1890. He announced his discovery in<i> The Times</i> of London on January 19 of 1891—the announcement ran on page 9. Kenyon published a first edition of the text in 1891.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcXBkHSmQP60c8-58IZHqXRox5uvu0s845ju-RPsoqu2Fbi9eti6QSx69v0NRf6b7dP-p25_5eu4WynW0PaBZ5GsdN91V5DxbJXMwlOynrCEGJtsXcWX7mCLjzYU-8Jgnr3r6QYHKqawS5/s1600/DSC_8302.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcXBkHSmQP60c8-58IZHqXRox5uvu0s845ju-RPsoqu2Fbi9eti6QSx69v0NRf6b7dP-p25_5eu4WynW0PaBZ5GsdN91V5DxbJXMwlOynrCEGJtsXcWX7mCLjzYU-8Jgnr3r6QYHKqawS5/s200/DSC_8302.jpg" width="200" /></a>With funding from the National Science Foundation (Grant No. EAGER-1041949), we were able to collaborate with the British Library to take new digital photographs of the five papyrus fragments, which range in length from three feet to five feet long. These photographs will be used as test-data for new methods of automated analysis of Greek scribal hands, using techniques developed at the National Technical University of Athens by Dr. Constantin Papapodysseus and his research team. In addition, they will provide a unique opportunity for Furman undergraduates to create a new digital edition of this priceless text.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHjfh0lZWKUsnOdXdeOSxJockvBQQhIVpUI3i2C1wE45fSYGP0Z6ABO0Ftki1Zhb-B37Hr4eREUV7I_o-iosfEqkt0P39D2T73uhBjxqZCKjLnhNr1n6v227xKpUTCMNlP1CvydoARiWh9/s1600/DSC_8290.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHjfh0lZWKUsnOdXdeOSxJockvBQQhIVpUI3i2C1wE45fSYGP0Z6ABO0Ftki1Zhb-B37Hr4eREUV7I_o-iosfEqkt0P39D2T73uhBjxqZCKjLnhNr1n6v227xKpUTCMNlP1CvydoARiWh9/s200/DSC_8290.jpg" width="200" /></a>The photography took place on November 14, 2011 at the British Library. The images will go into the BL’s digital collection of Greek Manuscript data, but Furman University will enjoy an open-content license to use them freely and to share the fruits of our use with other students and scholars. We are deeply grateful to the entire staff of the British Library, and particularly to the experts in Preservation, Photography, and Curation who worked hard on this project.<br />
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Today, November 15, 2011, we are photographing the Bankes Homer, a 9-foot long papyrus fragment of Book 24 of the <i>Iliad</i>. This will become part of the <a href="http://www.homermultitext.org/">Homer Multitext</a>, Casey Dué and Mary Ebbott, edd.<br />
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Further updates on this work will appear here!Christopher W. Blackwellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166294569909760943noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4647562791746868766.post-77003151153782115572011-10-05T10:22:00.000-07:002011-10-05T10:22:29.116-07:00Hercules Vanquishing the Hydra<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXjPg16dLLJcFnPb5EDY39zhvLOlduf2cNrXabDRAZ3HRiM40NrsRMua4Lg5ga68UKAsT6XwKTehKDgUE0BXzZ30xEhNmWWDmTSzQEiCBXrMVnjXBgWccVgnS7V4GZ0TAyZMNI8kFCMtbC/s1600/heracles_detail.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXjPg16dLLJcFnPb5EDY39zhvLOlduf2cNrXabDRAZ3HRiM40NrsRMua4Lg5ga68UKAsT6XwKTehKDgUE0BXzZ30xEhNmWWDmTSzQEiCBXrMVnjXBgWccVgnS7V4GZ0TAyZMNI8kFCMtbC/s1600/heracles_detail.jpg" /></a>The Department of Classics at Furman is deeply honored and grateful to be the caretakers of the painting “Hercules Vanquishing the Hydra”, by Yvonne Arrowood of Greenville, South Carolina. This large oil painting is after a work by Guido Reni (1575–1642), which hangs now in the Louvre. On this painting, Hercules wears his distinctive lion-skin and is brandishing his club at the many-headed serpent. Furman is fortunate to have this striking work in our collection of fine art, and we are delighted that it now lives in our suite!</div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-nG4hktRaGELKUXiT-oNS5Gbn2kNUnljbpiQR1K8lX7n6P9EIBV3s61rV0bnohSJ1u-nysiw6E8vuMNki6JnKO9mywPQY-s72-IlYJDIGtEUne14hRPdkiHSRoET_jLaUxcgpjAdGGSmH/s1600/hydra.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-nG4hktRaGELKUXiT-oNS5Gbn2kNUnljbpiQR1K8lX7n6P9EIBV3s61rV0bnohSJ1u-nysiw6E8vuMNki6JnKO9mywPQY-s72-IlYJDIGtEUne14hRPdkiHSRoET_jLaUxcgpjAdGGSmH/s1600/hydra.jpg" /></a></div>Christopher W. Blackwellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166294569909760943noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4647562791746868766.post-81242450298815166792011-09-28T08:06:00.000-07:002011-09-28T08:06:04.284-07:00Vitruvian design for scholarship in the humanities: Access to scholarly work<div>More insight on scholarly openness from Neel Smith at Holy Cross:</div><div><br /></div><a href="http://vitruviandesign.blogspot.com/2011/09/access-to-scholarly-work.html">Vitruvian design for scholarship in the humanities: Access to scholarly work</a><div><br /></div><div>At Furman, our undergraduates are pursuing important research. The vast majority of them will go on to important positions and rewarding careers outside of the academy. They value their research now because they see that it will increase the amount of useful knowledge in the world. Anything other than strict adherence to the principles of open access would destroy that value. That would be a grave disservice to the dedication and energy of the young scholars whose talents we are privileged to borrow for a few years.</div>Christopher W. Blackwellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166294569909760943noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4647562791746868766.post-19573798873710579472011-09-20T07:19:00.000-07:002011-09-20T07:19:22.624-07:00Vitruvian design for scholarship in the humanities: Druids in Oxford?<div>Correct thinking from Neel Smith at the College of the Holy Cross:</div><div><br /></div><a href="http://vitruviandesign.blogspot.com/2011/09/druids-in-oxford.html">Vitruvian design for scholarship in the humanities: Druids in Oxford?</a>Christopher W. Blackwellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166294569909760943noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4647562791746868766.post-68526709524404185612011-09-15T18:30:00.000-07:002011-09-15T18:30:39.838-07:00A new papyrus!Read about the newly published Bankes papyrus <a href="http://homermultitext.blogspot.com/2011/09/papyri-new-edition-of-bankes-homer-bm.html">here</a>. See it <a href="http://homericpapyri.appspot.com/CTS?inv=inventory.xml&request=GetPassagePlus&withXSLT=chs-gp&urn=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.bankes-01">here</a>. Congratulations to David Creasey, Kylie Elliott, Talley Lattimore, and Brett Stonecipher!Christopher W. Blackwellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166294569909760943noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4647562791746868766.post-29805848700157997332011-09-15T17:08:00.000-07:002011-09-15T17:08:02.318-07:00New Testament Transcriptions · MatthewWe are excited to announce the publication of transcriptions of the Gospel of Matthew from two medieval manuscripts. Leah Elder has finished transcribing and editing Matthew from the 1410 Wycliffe translation of the New Testament (see <a href="http://furman-classics.blogspot.com/2011/06/early-english-bible.html">this earlier post</a>). Tucker Hannah has completed an edition of Matthew from the <a href="http://furman-classics.blogspot.com/2011/06/early-english-bible.html">St. Chad Gospel</a>.<br />
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Both texts were encoded in TEI-conformant XML and are available through the <a href="http://furman-classics.appspot.com/CTS?request=GetCapabilities&withXSLT=chs-gc&inv=inventory.xml">Furman Classics Canonical Text Service</a>.<br />
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Work progresses on indices associating chapter and verse from the transcriptions to regions-of-interest on images of the manuscripts. Our goal is to publish complete digital editions of both manuscripts with closely interrelated images, texts, translations, and other data.Christopher W. Blackwellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166294569909760943noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4647562791746868766.post-2177068443417324252011-09-08T07:36:00.000-07:002011-09-08T07:36:23.297-07:00Manuscript Research Update - September 8<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnAnf9Y8cVyM5JG8qZsDVRkMAtgjxnzILc-qeeyBDVZq44q1iWaXHAc3Mck20Lu0TV7toMT9fesCrUKzx0YiXuBJgirwYKp0XHuh29-Xfzb1qmZBAGzZoMoaXrQ_MiG69k0NzSoCWyLIjh/s1600/027r-525.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="46" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnAnf9Y8cVyM5JG8qZsDVRkMAtgjxnzILc-qeeyBDVZq44q1iWaXHAc3Mck20Lu0TV7toMT9fesCrUKzx0YiXuBJgirwYKp0XHuh29-Xfzb1qmZBAGzZoMoaXrQ_MiG69k0NzSoCWyLIjh/s400/027r-525.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />
Today we finally got going on our regularly, weekly meetings of the faculty and students doing manuscript research. We have been given a generous amount of space and time by the <a href="http://cclc.furman.edu/">Studio Lab at the James B. Duke Library</a>… thanks Diane and Mike!<br />
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The current state of projects is this:<br />
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<b>Homeric Manuscripts</b><br />
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Katie Phillips is going to prepare editions, keyed to the manuscript images, of the one-line summaries of each Iliadic book that appear on the manuscripts Venetus B and Escorialensis 3.<br />
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<b>Lichfield Manuscripts</b><br />
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Tucker Hannah has completed the transcription and image regions-of-interest for Matthew as it appears on the St. Chad Gospels manuscript. He is going to move on to the work, begun last year by T.J. Brown, on Mark. (The St. Chad Gospel contains Matthew, Mark, and the first three chapters of Luke).<br />
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Christopher Blackwell is going to prepare indices for Matthew: folio-citation, folio-image, and image-citation. He will also get the Matthew transcription into the <a href="http://furman-classics.appspot.com/">Furman Classics CTS Service</a>, which already hosts texts of the <a href="http://furman-classics.appspot.com/CTS?withXSLT=chs-gp&request=GetPassagePlus&urn=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0031.tlg001.fu002:1&inv=inventory.xml">Latin Vulgate</a> and the <a href="http://furman-classics.appspot.com/CTS?withXSLT=chs-gp&request=GetPassagePlus&urn=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0031.tlg001.fu001:1&inv=inventory.xml">King James translation</a>.<br />
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Leah Eldar and Blake Williams will continue their work on the Wycliffe Translation.<br />
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<b>Homeric Papyri</b><br />
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We have <a href="http://homermultitext.blogspot.com/2011/09/updates-to-homeric-papyri.html">updated the Homer Multitext’s library of homeric papyri</a> with editions of fifteen new documents. We have about twenty more papyrological documents in the production pipeline.Christopher W. Blackwellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166294569909760943noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4647562791746868766.post-46115691658057931322011-09-04T14:20:00.000-07:002011-09-04T14:20:54.539-07:00Editing Ancient PapyriThe oldest <i>complete</i> texts of the Homeric <i>Iliad</i> are the Byzantine Manuscripts, several of which students of the Classics Department at Furman are editing and turning into digital facsimile editions. But the very <i>oldest</i> texts of the <i>Iliad</i> are fragments of papyrus, found in archaeological sites in Egypt. These papyri date from as early as the 3rd century BCE.<br />
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The <a href="http://homermultitext.org/">Homer Multitext</a> has published a growing library of <a href="http://homericpapyri.appspot.com/">library of homeric papyr</a>i. Furman students have been editors of these documents from the beginning.<br />
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This week we have updated the <a href="http://homericpapyri.appspot.com/">Homeric Papyri</a> site with editions of fifteen new documents. These include the Hawara Papyrus in a new edition by Amy Koenig of Harvard University. This text contains 547 lines of the <i>Iliad, </i>from Books 1 and 2. The remaining fourteen documents are the results of editorial work by Alexander Loney and Bart Huelsenbeck of Duke University, and Lia Campbell, Andrew Corley, David Creasy, Kylie Elliott, Talley Lattimore, Brett Stonecipher, and Blake Williams, undergraduate students of Greek at Furman University.<br />
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In all, the <a href="http://homericpapyri.appspot.com/">Homeric Papyri Digital Library</a> now contains 30 edited texts, containing 3,142 lines of Homeric poetry. These lines include 2,706 unique citations. The collected documents include portions of 22 out of the 24 Books of the <i>Iliad</i> (Books 19 and 20 are the only ones not represented at all among these published fragments).<br />
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The Homeric Papyri library is exposed via the <a href="http://cts3.sourceforge.net/">Canonical Text Services</a> protocol (CTS). Its website offers two different human-readable presentations of each document, as well as direct access to the raw TEI XML.<br />
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Work on these papyri continues, and we are looking forward to increasing the holdings of this open-access digital library in the near future. We are grateful for the support of the Center for Hellenic Studies of Harvard University.Christopher W. Blackwellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166294569909760943noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4647562791746868766.post-28906632822357353662011-06-08T06:58:00.000-07:002011-08-18T06:19:09.325-07:00An Early English Bible<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div>Leah Elder has been working for several months editing images of the 1410 Wycliffe translation of the New Testament. This book is in the care of <a href="http://www.lichfield-cathedral.org/">Lichfield Cathedral</a>, and was photographed by a team from the <a href="http://www.vis.uky.edu/"> University of Kentucky </a> , with some help from Furman University, during the summer of 2010. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHAvxUDDEjzjC_REYjggVHqQN488hF7ArCCugpQXCANSGv0gzeRzIqQkearbCoT_XVAuxDbwte0s8fX2Q5GFtBwlTFK4yhZaGX8ed4FB9824joQyHdOT6MYk7FKrwPHBj2XL5TN51XWSxd/s1600/Wycliffe+Detail.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> <img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHAvxUDDEjzjC_REYjggVHqQN488hF7ArCCugpQXCANSGv0gzeRzIqQkearbCoT_XVAuxDbwte0s8fX2Q5GFtBwlTFK4yhZaGX8ed4FB9824joQyHdOT6MYk7FKrwPHBj2XL5TN51XWSxd/s320/Wycliffe+Detail.jpg" width="104" /> </a> John Wycliffe (1320-1384) was a Christian theologian and reformer whose early translations of the Bible in English were, first of all, considered shockingly heretical, and subsequently, instrumental to the advance of the Reformation in England.<br />
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There were many editions of the Wycliffe translations. Even though production of these illegal texts must have been a dangerous business in the 14th and 15th centuries, it is evident that the copyists could not resist making the books beautiful. The Wycliffe Testament at Lichfield Cathedral is the oldest to survive intact.<br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG5zebKO31NVy8tHNFSWkX5c91XKviZnrmZIT4JzbCznlYhuXJ0OHHRIREr_UQTtOCy-ecXsNlLwVnl-sXxwrApsm8lPt0Nh0hCAwdftpCyTkhYFLHHxCHxcNkiLHANtO0VTZUa3ScPv1d/s1600/wycliffescreenie.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <img border="0" height="145" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG5zebKO31NVy8tHNFSWkX5c91XKviZnrmZIT4JzbCznlYhuXJ0OHHRIREr_UQTtOCy-ecXsNlLwVnl-sXxwrApsm8lPt0Nh0hCAwdftpCyTkhYFLHHxCHxcNkiLHANtO0VTZUa3ScPv1d/s320/wycliffescreenie.png" width="320" /> </a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Leah’s Transcription of the Wycliffe (here, Matthew 18:1-18:6) <br />
in XML format </td></tr>
</tbody></table>Photography is only the first step in publishing a digital facsimile of a manuscript. In order to turn a directory full of digital images into a useful resource for scholars, the images must be sorted, the text transcribed, and the images indexed to canonically cited passages of text. This is what Leah has been doing.<br />
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She has been transcribing the text, reading the ornate blackletter script to capture language like this: <br />
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<blockquote>An othe parable Jhs spak to hem / the kyngdom of heuenes is lijk to sourdouȝ / which a woma took and hidde in there mesurisof mele; til it were al sourid / — Matthew 13.33 (Wycliffe)</blockquote><div>For comparison, here is the King James translation: </div><blockquote>Another parable spake he unto them; The kingdom of heaven is like unto leaven, which a woman took, and hid in three measures of meal, till the whole was leavened. — Matthew 13:33 (KJV)</blockquote>The ultimate goal for this text is a fully integrated digital facsimile with the images closely related to the transcription and to other translations. Toward this integration, Leah has been defining “regions-of-interest” on the images corresponding to particular passages in the New Testament. So we can now easily ask for the particular “quotation” of the page-image that contains Matthew 2:15 (and we can generate <a href="http://blackwell.dyndns-web.com/chsimg2/Img?request=GetIIPMooViewer&urn=urn:cite:fufolioimg:WycliffRGB.W001mv:0.22,0.53,0.28,0.04&xsl=zoomomatic.xsl"> interactive views of passages in context </a> ): <br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://blackwell.dyndns-web.com/chsimg2/Img?request=GetIIPMooViewer&urn=urn:cite:fufolioimg:WycliffRGB.W001mv:0.22,0.53,0.28,0.04&xsl=zoomomatic.xsl"><img border="0" height="60" src="http://blackwell.dyndns-web.com/chsimg2/Img?request=GetBinaryImage&urn=urn:cite:fufolioimg:WycliffRGB.W001mv:0.22,0.53,0.28,0.04&w=2000" width="320" /></a> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div>Work on the Wycliffe bible will progress this summer, and in cooperation with our friends at the University of Kentucky and Lichfield Cathedral, we will look forward to making the fruits of this labor available to the widest possible audience as soon as possible. <br />
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This work is possible because the Chapter of Lichfield Cathedral released the images under a Creative Commons License. We are extremely grateful to everyone in Lichfield, and particularly to Canon Chancellor Pete Wilcox (who has a <a href="http://petewilcoxblogspot.blogspot.com/"> very excellent blog </a> !).Christopher W. Blackwellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166294569909760943noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4647562791746868766.post-11149814886694563322011-05-17T17:53:00.000-07:002011-05-18T11:23:43.115-07:00Homeric Papyri<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjephrAmHmfs8dBywuSZhUBUGpA0CfSeM5x8-ffFOU2jYlBLmMH2fmMSFOFQd2D1fG1GuFVyOlyzQSs7Q6fK1unLJkIgbwJFH1GZiDeCB9Qu-SeOmAbDOlCU5FAlCn5BlilQqQg53bGQ3CC/s1600/bankes.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="35" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjephrAmHmfs8dBywuSZhUBUGpA0CfSeM5x8-ffFOU2jYlBLmMH2fmMSFOFQd2D1fG1GuFVyOlyzQSs7Q6fK1unLJkIgbwJFH1GZiDeCB9Qu-SeOmAbDOlCU5FAlCn5BlilQqQg53bGQ3CC/s640/bankes.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqy_YRvNf6UZEtNP1sNWkKTFqieEuP-t4YQqFbxSKT2pgLLSxBigNk6IChbJxki0sTyYKoko1hU9jaJPKRfeEEAlMNaC_uhkRgJDuEIQW0AlYOOvKC1Or5HxHhCnmi8jRB8fjuyoV842We/s1600/DSC_6949.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqy_YRvNf6UZEtNP1sNWkKTFqieEuP-t4YQqFbxSKT2pgLLSxBigNk6IChbJxki0sTyYKoko1hU9jaJPKRfeEEAlMNaC_uhkRgJDuEIQW0AlYOOvKC1Or5HxHhCnmi8jRB8fjuyoV842We/s200/DSC_6949.jpg" width="200" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjasax-cZ7ye57QnraOqRlvLF20gyoQIkLiNdKWCTDoJPUd5F5tTZwAqlYVoOeDCgAfJ06lhUPITcswqqTqyNeyXz-tHjwu1Gqost_qXT9c301zfnwREvrjnVJPPSUKtQ_ai_FfZJGZkQxM/s1600/DSC_6956.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjasax-cZ7ye57QnraOqRlvLF20gyoQIkLiNdKWCTDoJPUd5F5tTZwAqlYVoOeDCgAfJ06lhUPITcswqqTqyNeyXz-tHjwu1Gqost_qXT9c301zfnwREvrjnVJPPSUKtQ_ai_FfZJGZkQxM/s200/DSC_6956.jpg" width="200" /></a><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">above: </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ὣς ο</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ἵ γ᾽ ἀμφίεπον τάφον Ἕκτορος ἱπποδάμοιο, “Such was their burial o</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">f Hector, breaker of horses.” </span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Iliad</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> 24.804, from the Bankes Papyrus)</span></span><br />
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Four Furman undergraduates have begun their summer’s work as Editors for <a href="http://homericpapyri.appspot.com/home" target="_self" title="Homeric Papyri">Homeric Papyri</a>, a project of the Center for Hellenic Studies of Harvard University. David Creasy, Kylie Elliott, Talley Latimore, and Brett Stonecipher have begun preparing a new edition of the Bankes Papyrus (B.M. Papyrus cxiv). This document, a seven-foot-long fragment from the 2nd Century C.E., contains the majority of Book 24 of the <i>Iliad</i>.<span id="goog_1619241900"></span><span id="goog_1619241901"></span><br />
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A description of this document in an article by E. Maunde Thompson in the 1887 issue of <i>The Classical Review</i> (vol. 2, p. 39) describes it thus:<br />
<blockquote>This papyrus is in one piece, measuring upwards of seven feet, and containing sixteen columns of writing. It was bought by Mr. W. J. Bankes at Elephantine, in 1821, and passed into possession of the British Museum in 1879. The text is book xxiv of the <i>Iliad</i>, wanting the first 126 lines; well known by the collation published by George Cornewall Lewis in the Cambridge <i>Philological Museum</i>, in 1832. This is one of the few surviving MSS. which contain stichometrical notes, every hundred lines being numbered in the margin. From its first discovery the Bankes Homer has taken high rank as a most ancient MS., and has been quoted with veneration in palaeographical and other works. In the Museum Catalogue, however, it is assigned to the second century of our era. This later date will probably prove in the end to be much nearer the mark than the more remote century before Christ in which it has been placed. The writing is round uncials and miuch more nearly resembles the book-hand of the early Biblical Codices of the fourth and fifth centuries than the writing of the Ptolemaic period.</blockquote>This papyrus figures largely in the chapter by Gregory Nagy, in C. Dué’s edited volume on the Venetus A: <i>Recapturing a Homeric Legacy: Images and Insights from the Venetus A Manuscript of the </i>Iliad<i>.</i> Center for Hellenic Studies, 2009 (<a href="http://www.homermultitext.org/Pubs/Due_Recapturing_a_Homeric_Legacy.pdf">link to PDF</a>).<br />
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These students will produce two XML editions of this text. The first will present the Greek “normalized”, with conventional diacritical marks. The second will be a “diplomatic edition”, preserving only those diacritical marks that appear on the papyrus. These marks are unique among early witnesses to the contents of the <i>Iliad</i>, providing clues to how ancient readers experienced and understood the text.<br />
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These XML editions will be available through the project’s <a href="http://homericpapyri.appspot.com/">Canonical Text Service</a>.<br />
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Brett, Talley, Kylie, and David will be joined in June by other collaborators, who will work on texts and images of Homeric and Biblical manuscripts.Christopher W. Blackwellhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05166294569909760943noreply@blogger.com